Mongolian is the official national language of Mongolia, where it is spoken by nearly 3.6 million people, and the official provincial language of Inner Mongolia, China, where there are at least 4.1 million ethnic Mongols. Across the whole of China, the language is spoken by roughly half of the country's 5.8 million ethnic Mongols.
In Mongolia, the Khalkha dialect, written in Cyrillic, is predominant, while in Inner Mongolia, the language is dialectally more diverse and is written in the traditional Mongolian script.
The traditional Mongolian script that goes from left to right in vertical columns running from top to bottom is used only in Inner Mongolia. The country of Mongolia has used Cyrillic since 1941 as part of a successful attempt to eradicate illiteracy. In electronic communication, it is also common to use the Latin alphabet.
Mongolian has vowel harmony and a complex syllabic structure for a Mongolic language that allows clusters of up to three consonants syllable-finally. It is a typical agglutinative language that relies on suffix chains in the verbal and nominal domains.
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